Neurointensive Care

Description

Dealing with intensive care patients with neurological problems requires specialized knowledge. Neurointensive Care adopts a problem- and condition-based approach to present all possible neurologic conditions that intensivists encounter in managing such patients. The book brings together contributions from 74 national and international experts on topics ranging from basic principles of neurointensive care, neurologic examination, postoperative care, clinical monitoring, and pharmacologic care to brain death, ethical issues, nursing care, psychological care, and palliative care.

Supporting these topics is a section on common but challenging procedures performed in neurointensive care; an appendix containing the guidelines related to intensive care management, and clinical scales and scores commonly used in the neurological ICU; and a DVD containing video tutorials of various clinical procedures. This book is a comprehensive ready reckoner for trainees, students, and practitioners of neuroanesthesia and neurointensive care.

About the Editor

Hemanshu Prabhakar is professor of neuroanaesthesiology and critical care at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.

Contributors:

Sanchit Ahuja; Başak Akça; Oguzhan Arun; Swati Bajpai; Hossam El Beheiry; Amanda Moraska Benson; Karen Berger; Rita Bertuetti; Richard D. Betzold; Dharmendra Singh Bhadauria; P. S. Bhat; Brittany D. Bissell; Parmod K. Bithal; Hanson Bow; Gretchen M. Brophy; Billal Butt; Amber Castle; Onuma Chaiwat; Diana Greene Chandos; Katleen Chester; Aaron Cook; Vicky Davies; Caroline Der-Nigoghossian; Kinjal Desai; Judith Dinsmore; NG Shu Hui Elizabeth; Nazzareno Fagoni; Ehab Farag; David F. Gaieski; Kevin T. Gobeske; Nicolai Goettel; Svetlana A. Gracheva; Chantel Gray; Kristy Greene; Sandeep Grover; Mohan Gurjar; Shahreyar Hafeez; Matthew Hallman; Lucy He; Christopher Patrick Henson; Archana Hinduja; Theresa Human; Aaron M. Joffe; Nicholas J. Johnson; Garima Joshi; Gaurav Kakkar; Peter Kaplan; Indu Kapoor; S. Omar Kazmi; Ankur Khandelwal; Ashish Khanna; Sarah M. Khorsand; Matthew A. Kirkman; Lauren Koffman; Sundar Krishnan; Avinash B. Kumar; Nicola Latronico; Abhijit Lele; Mhoira Leng; Ne-Hooi Will Loh; Andrey Yu Lubnin; Kevin Luk; Charu Mahajan; Jason Makii; Edward M. Manno; Casey C. May; Merrick Miles; Christopher Morrison; Jeffrey J. Mucksavage; Priya Nair; Roy Neeley; Ashima Nehra; Lena Nyholm; Kent Owusu; Mayur B. Patel; Konstantin Popugaev; Hemanshu Prabhakar; Shobana Rajan; Manee Raksakietisak; Frank A. Rasulo; Emanuele Rossetti; Dominic Rosso; Toni Sabbouh; Altan Sahin; Nahel N. Saied; Alexander S. Samoilov; Ahmad Sawalha; Megha Uppal Sharma; Ashleigh Sherrington; Charu Singh; Vasudha Singhal; Sanjeev Sivakumar; Keaton Smetana; Mike Souter; Kalpana Srivastava; Jose I. Suarez; Priyadarshini Sundararajan; Monica S. Tandon; Eljim P. Tesoro; Anneli Thelandersson; Srinivas Thota; Sudha Thota; Concezione Tommasino; Michel Torbey; Swagata Tripathy; Filiz Uzumcugil; Yvonne Valzani; Chitra Venkateswaran; Sarah Wahlster; James Wang; Kyle D. Weaver; Sheena M. Weaver; Aaron Yengo-Kahn; Aysun Ankay Yilbas; Thassayu Yuyen; Maxim V. Zabelin; Wendy Ziai; Megan Zielke; Argyro Zoumprouli

Table of contents

Foreword by Jean-Louis Vincent

Preface

Acknowledgements

Editor and Contributors

Abbreviations

1 Introduction to and History of Neurointensive Care

PART I BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NEUROINTENSIVE CARE

2 Cerebral Blood Flow and Dynamics

3 Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics

4 Intracranial Pressure

5 Postoperative Care of the Neurosurgical Patient

PART II CLINICAL MONITORING

6 Haemodynamic Monitoring

7 Respiratory Monitoring

8 Intracranial Pressure Monitoring

9 Cerebral Oxygenation

10 Cerebral Metabolism

11 Electrophysiological Monitoring

12 Neuroimaging

13 Use of Ultrasound in Neurocritical Care

PART III PHARMACOLOGICAL CARE

14 Sedation and Analgesia

15 Osmotherapy Agents

16 Vasoactive Drugs

17 Anticonvulsants

18 Corticosteroids

19 Anticoagulants

20 Muscle Relaxants

21 Antibiotics

PART IV FLUIDS AND DYSELECTROLYTEMIA

22 Fluid Management

23 Dyselectrolytemias: Water and Electrolyte Management

PART V NEUROLOGICAL CARE

24 Altered Mental Status

25 Intracranial Hypertension

26 Cerebral Oedema

27 Hydrocephalus

28 Vasospasm

29 Pneumocephalus

30 Central Nervous System Infections

31 Neuroprotective Strategies

PART VI METABOLIC CARE

32 Glycaemic Control in Neurocritical Care

33 Arterial Blood Gas Analysis

34 Management of Fever in the Intensive Care Unit

35 Therapeutic Hypothermia in Neurocritical Care

PART VII RESPIRATORY CARE

36 Respiratory Care for Neurological Patients

PART VIII CARDIOVASCULAR CARE

37 Cardiovascular Care for Neurological Patients

PART IX RENAL CARE

38 Acute Kidney Injury

39 Renal Replacement Therapy

PART X HAEMATOLOGICAL CARE

40 Anaemia

41 Coagulopathy

42 Blood Transfusion

43 Deep Venous Thrombosis

PART XI ENDOCRINAL CARE

44 Endocrine Care

PART XII NEUROMUSCULAR CARE

45 Critical Illness Polyneuropathy and Myopathy

PART XIII GASTROINTESTINAL CARE

46 Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Neurocritical Care

47 Gastrointestinal Dysfunction and Ileus in Neurointensive Care

48 Nutritional Requirements in Neurocritical Care

49 Immunonutrition

PART XIV PSYCHOLOGICAL CARE

50 Neuropsychological Assessment in the Neurointensive Care Setting: A Time-Based Approach

51 Assessment and Management of Delirium in Medical Practice

52 Cognitive Dysfunctions in Psychiatric and Neurological Conditions

PART XV ETHICAL CARE

53 End-of-Life Care

54 Brain Death

55 Organ Donation

PART XVI PALLIATIVE CARE

56 Palliative Care in Neurology

PART XVII NURSING CARE AND PHYSIOTHERAPY

57 Nursing Care

58 Physiotherapy

PART XVIII CLINICAL PROCEDURES IN NEUROINTENSIVE CARE UNIT

59 Venous and Arterial Access

60 Fibreoptic Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage

61 Intraparenchymal Intracranial Pressure Catheter Insertion

62 External Ventricular Drainage Systems

63 Lumbar Drainage Systems

64 Subdural Evacuating Port System (SEPS) Placement for Chronic Subdural Haematoma Evacuation

65 Percutaneous Tracheostomy

66 Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in the Intensive Care Unit

67 Evaluation of Intracranial Pressure Using Bedside Ultrasonography: Estimation of

Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter

68 Echocardiography and Ultrasound in the Neuro ICU

69 Cervical Spine Fixation with the Halo Brace

PART XIX CASE MANAGEMENT

70 Adult Traumatic Brain Injury

71 Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

72 Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy

73 Status Epilepticus

74 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

75 Intracerebral Haemorrhage

76 Acute Ischaemic Stroke—Hemispheric Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke

77 Management of Basilar Artery Stroke

78 Management of Myasthenia Gravis in ICU

79 Guillain-Barre Syndrome

80 Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome

81 Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

82 Management of Spinal Cord Injury

83 Intensive Care Unit−Acquired Muscle Weakness

PART XX APPENDIX

84 Scales and Scores

Index

Plates